디지털 전환 시대의 프라이버시: 법적, 기술적, 관리적 장치를 통한 데이터 보호와 안전한 활용

This study explores various approaches to achieving an appropriate balance between privacy protection and data utilization in the era of digital transformation, from legal, technical, and managerial perspectives. In the digital environment, data has become a core asset and a source of competitive advantage for businesses; however, indiscriminate use of personal information can lead to serious privacy violations. In response, a range of legal and institutional frameworks—such as the EU’s GDPR, the US’s CCPA/CPRA, and Korea’s MyData initiative—have been established, and companies are adopting technical and managerial measures to ensure compliance. Key technologies include differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, and federated learning. On the managerial side, data governance, the enterprise-wide design principle of Privacy by Design, and data literacy training are central areas of focus. In particular, the rise of generative AI underscores the need for new data governance systems and strengthened AI literacy. Ultimately, this study organizes the legal, technical, and managerial frameworks necessary for privacy-focused data use, and proposes future research directions within the field of information systems.