파사드형 BIPV 시스템의 최적화 형태 디자인을 위한 통합 설계 방법 연구

(Background and Purpose) As climate change and energy insecurity continue to escalate, Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems have gained increasing attention as a strategy for achieving sustainable and energy-independent architecture. Facade-type BIPV systems, which integrate photovoltaic modules into building envelopes, have the potential to generate renewable energy and enhance architectural expression. Rather than functioning solely as mechanical add-ons, these systems can serve as critical design elements fulfilling both aesthetic and environmental demands. However, conventional BIPV designs often rely on standardized panel configurations and lack the flexibility to adapt to various facade conditions and spatial constraints. This study aims to develop an integrated design strategy for optimizing the form and performance of facade-type BIPV systems, with a focus on balancing energy efficiency, architectural integration, and design value in contemporary buildings. (Method) To establish the proposed strategy, first, the key factors related to solar energy efficiency, building orientation, and installation conditions were analyzed. Based on this analysis, a simulation-based design process was developed using the Grasshopper platform. A parametric simulation tool was created to structure variables, such as solar incidence angles, facade orientation, and shadow conditions. The tool dynamically calculates the optimal module rotation angles in response to sun path data—altitude and azimuth—enabling adaptable form generation across diverse building contexts. The tool was tested on two real architectural cases to verify its applicability and effectiveness under realistic design conditions. (Results) The simulation results showed that the rotation angle of the modules played a critical role in improving the solar efficiency. For the northeast-facing building facade, a –90° rotation enabled maximum solar irradiance, while –27° and –5° rotations were identified as optimal for the southeast-facing facade. This demonstrates that the integrated design strategy effectively performs facade correction in response to the sun’s path, enabling a balance between formal design and energy performance. It was confirmed that customized form generation was possible according to the specific conditions of each building. Furthermore, the proposed design approach showed potential as a practical solution in terms of constructability and ease of maintenance. (Conclusion) This study systematically derived a design strategy applicable to facade-type BIPV systems and implemented it through a simulation tool, thereby proposing an integrated design process that considered both architectural form and environmental performance. Future research should focus on applying the proposed strategy to actual architectural and design practices through further studies on technical detailing, construction methods, and material integration. Through these efforts, this strategy can be developed into a practical and commercially viable design system.