도시 환경 변화에 따른 태양광 발전 성능 저하의 경제적 영향 분석 및 손해배상액 산정방안 연구

As high-density and high-rise urban building construction proceeds, concerns have developed regarding the performance degradation of photovoltaic (PV) systems installed in existing buildings resulting from shading from newly constructed or expanded structures. To facilitate the continued expansion of PV systems, it is necessary to establish institutional frameworks for protection of the rights of PV system owners and for structured compensation systems. This study quantitatively analyzes the economic impact of PV performance degradation on rooftop PV systems and proposes a comprehensive compensation scheme. Three cases—typical, disputed, and extreme—were simulated using SolarPro software with Seoul meteorological data. Economic assessments covered three contract types: net metering, power purchase agreements, and market trading. The results show that shading leads to annual power losses of 1.7, 9.0, and 15.3% in the respective cases. Economic analyses revealed significant financial impacts, including higher electricity charges and revenue losses, with conversion of revenues into additional electricity charges in some cases. The proposed compensation scheme incorporates both short-term power losses and long-term effects, including module degradation, inverter efficiency reduction, cascading cumulative shading effects, and economic factors such as inflation and electricity charge increases. This compensation scheme systematically quantifies damages while incorporating the unique characteristics of urban PV systems and their contractual types. The proposed framework provides objective criteria for resolving PV-related conflicts while balancing responsibilities between parties, thereby contributing to urban solar policy development.