중소기업 청년취업자의 지역별 산업별취업 성과 결정요인 분석

This study analyzed the employment characteristics and performance determinants of young workersin small and medium-sized enterprises using Youth Panel data. First, the results of the demographiccharacteristics analysis of young workers in small and medium-sized enterprises showed that theproportion of women was higher than that of men, and the proportion of those with a 4-year collegedegree or higher was the highest. By industry, the proportion of business/individual/public serviceindustries was high, and the concentration phenomenon in the metropolitan area (Seoul and Gyeonggi)was evident. The employment rate of small businesses with less than 10 employees reached 36%, andthe proportion of men and those with high school degrees or lower was high in the manufacturingindustry. The manufacturing industry had a longer job tenure period compared to other industries, andby region, Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Ulsan had high long-term employment rates. Second, the wagelevel was higher as the company size increased, and by industry, workers in the electricity/transportation/telecommunications/finance industries received the highest wages. By region, Seoul, Gyeonggi, Ulsan,and Daejeon were in the top ranks, while Busan, Daegu, and Gwangju recorded relatively low wages. The higher the congruence between major and job, the more positive the effect on both job tenureand wage level. Workplaces with labor unions showed higher wages and employment stability. Third,as a result of the analysis of factors determining the duration of employment by industry, permanentworkers, high-income workers, and workers with majors that matched their majors had high job stability,while temporary workers, low-income workers, and workers with majors that did not match their majors were more likely to leave. Similar trends were observed in both the metropolitan and non-metropolitanareas, but in the metropolitan area, the departure of highly educated young people was particularlyprominent. Fourth, as a result of the analysis of factors determining wages, in manufacturing, men(18.7%), college graduates or higher (13.4%), permanent workers (17.1%), and residents of themetropolitan area (12.8%) showed high wage premiums. Wholesale/retail/accommodation and serviceindustries showed similar trends, and labor unions and majors that matched their majors also actedas factors that increased wage premiums. Women, low-educated workers, temporary/daily workers, andworkers with majors that did not match their majors consistently experienced wage losses. This studyemphasizes the importance of improving the quality of jobs for young people in small and medium-sizedenterprises, expanding high-income jobs, and strengthening the congruence between majors and jobs. In addition, the necessity of multi-layered policy interventions such as resolving concentration in themetropolitan area, supporting women and the low-educated class, and enhancing competitiveness innon-metropolitan areas was suggested. Lastly, small and medium-sized enterprises play a central rolein the industrial structure of our country and contribute to job creation and economic growth, so activepolicy support is required to strengthen competitiveness.