우리나라 농기계산업의 무역경쟁력에 관한 연구: 한국, 미국, 일본을 비교대상으로

This study aims to analyze the international competitiveness of the Korean agricultural machinery industry and explore its current status and future development directions through comparison with major competitors, the United States and Japan. To this end, we conducted Trade Specialization Index (TSI) and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analyses using UN Comtrade data from 2019 to 2023, focusing on HS code 8701 (tractors), 8432 (agricultural, horticultural, or forestry machinery), and 8433 (harvesting and threshing machinery). The analysis results show that Korea has relatively high competitiveness in HS 8701 (tractors), but it has been showing a recent downward trend, while other items are in a comparative disadvantage. The United States maintains strong competitiveness in both HS 8701 (tractors) and HS 8433 (harvesting and threshing machinery), while Japan showed high competitiveness in HS 8701 (tractors) but has recently experienced a sharp decline. Based on these findings, we suggest that strategic approaches such as expanding R&D investment, strengthening industry-academia cooperation, diversifying export countries, and developing customized products are necessary to enhance the international competitiveness of the Korean agricultural machinery industry. This study is expected to contribute to the formulation of policies and industrial strategies related to the agricultural machinery industry by objectively assessing the current position of the Korean agricultural machinery industry and suggesting future development directions.