프랑스 공법학의 전개와 비교법적 의의 ― 프랑스 제5공화국 헌법을 중심으로 ―

The Constitution of the Fifth Republic of France, which was enacted in 1958 and has been in existence for more than 65 years, is the oldest constitution in the history of French constitutional law. However, the Constitution of the Fifth Republic of France has been amended 25 times, and in particular, the French Constitutional Court, which the framers of the Constitution of the Fifth Republic of France endowed with the role of a mediator between the public authorities, has transformed itself into an institution that guarantees fundamental rights through its will and constitutional amendments, and has transformed the Fifth Republic of France into a constitutional democracy through constitutional courts. Therefore, a comparative legal study of the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic needs to be conducted in light of the changes in the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic itself and the overall situation of the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic, and the study should be conducted in the following directions. First, a more systematic analysis of the individual articles of the Declaration of Human and Civic Rights of 26 August 1789, the Preamble of the Constitution of 27 October 1946, and the 2004 Charter for the Environment, which are recognized as de facto French constitutions, is needed. Second, the power structure of the Fifth French Republic's constitution needs to be studied comprehensively at both the macro and micro levels. Finally, a systematic study of the history of French constitutional law as it developed after the French Revolution of 1789 is also needed.