왕양명 심물동체(心物同體) 사상에서 본 무체(無體)의 철학 실천 - 양지(良知) 이론을 중심으로 -

This study explores the concept of liangzhi(良知, innate knowledge) as “formless” (wuti, 無體) in Wang Yangming’s philosophy, examining it as a foundational condition for the realization of xin-wu tongti(心物同體, the unity of mind and things). Through this inquiry, the study aims to elucidate the distinctive features and significance of Wang’s ontological thought and to uncover the practical- philosophical implications of formlessness. Wang does not liangzhi as a fixed substance, but rather as an intangible subjectivity that manifests through responsive interaction with things. Its formlessness signifies not merely the absence of physical shape, but an ontological mode grounded in relationality and openness. As such, formlessness serves as a medium that enables resonance with all beings, allowing for a mode of thinking that transcends the dualisms of mind and matter, subject and object, cognition and practice. The mind’s resonance with things is not a contingent reaction but an ontologically necessary interrelation, through which liangzhi acquires existential reality in the concrete world. Ultimately, formless liangzhi functions as the ontological ground for Wang’s philosophy of the unity of mind and things, articulating a practical ontology that is not based on fixed essences but on living action and relational emergence. This interpretation reveals Wang Yangming’s ontology as a dynamic system of thought that goes beyond metaphysical substance concepts. Furthermore, the study argues that Wang’s notion of xin-wu tongti, grounded in the formlessness of liangzhi, can be extended into the domain of philosophical practice—namely, as an ethical and practical mode of philosophy that integrates thought and action in response to concrete issues of life. This suggests a transformative potential for philosophy, not only as self-reflection but as the becoming of a practical subject through relations with others and the world.