미 해군 함정 MRO(유지･보수･정비) 협력에서 미국 ITAR(국제무기거래규정)의 수출통제와 시사점

Shipbuilding cooperation between countries has been increasing due to complex factors such as the US-China maritime hegemony competition, major countries' policies to strengthen naval power and maritime security, demand for eco-friendly ships, etc.. MRO (maintenance, repair, and overhaul) is emerging as a new strategic business in the shipbuilding industry due to the increase in aging ships. Military conflict in the Indo-Pacific would demand overwhelming U.S. naval power. Naval vessels MRO plays a pivotal role in the operational efficiency and strategic capabilities of global naval forces, and cooperation with U.S. Naval vessels MRO is becoming important. However, it has been said that the delay in the U.S. Naval vessels MRO is serious due to the lack of its own shipyards in the U.S., even the aging of facilities and productivity decline. The U.S. considers to enhance cooperation with close allies such as Japan and South Korea, and options for cooperation include allied participation in MRO. The cooperation with US Naval vessel MRO is becoming important, and the Korean shipbuilding industry is also promoting the cooperation with US Naval vessel MRO as a strategic project. Naval vessels MRO is of great importance to the shipbuilding industry in that it is less affected by global economic flows, and is usually repeated in a certain cycle (about five years). The Arms Export Control Act (AECA) provides the authority to control the export of defense articles and defense services. The Department of State is responsible for the export and temporary import of defense articles and defense services governed by AECA, and the AECA is implemented by the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). The ITAR (22 CFR parts 120-130) governs the manufacture, export, and temporary import of defense articles, the furnishing of defense services, and brokering activities involving items described on the United States Munitions List (USML).