탈(脫)세계화 현상에서 EU의 전략적 지경제적 도구를 통한 지속 가능한 발전 요소에 관한 분석

The development of geoeconomic tools, a strategic response to protect domestic industries and interests stemming from traditional wars and tariff wars, has been criticized as a form of protectionism. However, examining the specifics of these tools reveals that they are, at the very least, a response to the sovereign rights of a nation arising from geopolitical and unilateral actions by certain countries that are destabilizing the international trade environment. Furthermore, they are necessary for rapidly recovering from the global economic downturn. Therefore, they cannot be solely criticized as protectionist. Some doubts about deglobalization stem from the fact that, given the highly interdependent nature of the international trade environment today, policies solely focused on stimulating domestic demand, as in China, cannot support the economy. Therefore, sustainable economic development in each country should not be achieved through unilateral tariff impositions driven by its own nation first policy. Instead, it should be achieved through measures to maintain order based on existing rules and address issues like unfair trade practices and technology theft. First, to address the above issues within the framework of a transparent and fair strategic tool that can harmonize with WTO norms, Korea urgently needs to establish a toolkit for the FDI screening system and take proactive measures such as direct investigations through due diligence. Furthermore, a multifaceted approach is needed, including establishing a legal framework to address the ongoing issue of technological information leaks (integrating or comprehensively managing the Act on Prevention of Leakage and Protection of Industrial Technology and the Defense Industry Technology Protection Act, etc.). Given the current focus on cybersecurity by international and state-sponsored hacking organizations, a broader scope is needed, including ex-officio investigations by a so-called overall information security control agency into any act of theft or transfer of technological information, regardless of whether it is conducted by foreign or domestic individuals. This could also include training and securing the necessary personnel to identify and analyze key technologies.