소득안정을 위한 노후소득보장제도의 주요 특징과 개선방안

Abstract To ensure the income stability of the people, there are five pension systems in the old-age income guarantee scheme. First, the National Pension system was introduced to provide stable living guarantees for subscribers and their families against social risks such as old age, disability, and death. Since its implementation in 1988, it has been operated for 37 years, and while there are pros and cons, considering a life expectancy of 100 years in the long run, joining the National Pension is reasonable. Second, since the Basic Old Age Pension system was changed to the Basic Pension system starting July 2014, it was introduced to address elderly poverty issues and stabilize the lives of the elderly, providing benefits to seniors aged 65 and older who fall within the bottom 70% of income. Recipients of the four major occupational pensions and their spouses are generally excluded. Third, as a reverse mortgage product, the Housing Pension system allows homeowners to receive stable monthly income by using their homes as collateral, becoming a solid source of retirement funds for the retiring generation who own a house. Guaranteed by the Korea Housing Finance Corporation and introduced in 2007, the Housing Pension is available for homeowners who are 55 years or older, currently residing in their homes, and own houses with a publicly announced price of 1.2 billion won or less. Fourth, since 2011, the Farmland Pension system has been implemented, which uses farmland (rice paddies, fields, orchards, forests, etc.) owned by farmers as collateral. This is the first farmland collateral-based reverse mortgage program introduced to ensure the stable retirement life of elderly farmers who have no other income besides agricultural income. Fifth, there is a system that provides income support for elderly retired farmers or fishermen transferring their agricultural management. If they transfer their farmland or fishing grounds to the younger generation, the government provides direct payments to support scale expansion and enhance agricultural/fishing competitiveness, thus assisting young farmers and fishermen in their agricultural/fishing activities.