DEA-SBM을 활용한 항공우주 분야 국가연구개발에서 특허의 질적 성과 효율성 분석: 특허 피인용 횟수를 중심으로

This study evaluates the qualitative performance of national R&D patent outputs in the aerospace sector using the Data Envelopment Analysis–Slack-Based Measure(DEA-SBM) model, comparing the efficiency of public and private institutions. Forward citation counts, indicating the technological impact and qualitative value of patents, were used as the output variable, while input variables included patent applications, family countries, IPC diversity, government R&D expenditures, and personnel. Results show that private institutions generally achieve higher Technical Efficiency(TE), Pure Technical Efficiency(PTE), and Scale Efficiency(SE). Most institutions in both sectors operate under Increasing Returns to Scale(IRS), suggesting efficiency gains through expansion. Public institutions exhibited notable slack in funding and manpower, though some achieved high efficiency via strategic resource allocation. In the private sector, efficiency gaps were linked to quantity-oriented strategies and limited international engagement. The proposed framework advances qualitative performance-based evaluation, offering policy insights to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of the aerospace innovation ecosystem.