사용자 참여 재배치가 자전거 공유 시스템에 미치는 영향: 서울시 사례의 탐색적 분석

This study provides an empirical evaluation of Seoul’s citizen-participatory bicycle rebalancing policy and its impact on the bike sharing system. Using a pre–post comparative framework, the analysis draws on a range of quantitative indicators—including operational performance, inventory levels, and network-based measures of connectivity and structure—to offer a multi-dimensional assessment of policy outcomes. Findings reveal that, even after the policy was introduced, operator-led redistribution continued to play a key role, particularly during peak commute hours. This suggests that citizen participation alone may be insufficient to address demand–supply imbalances in high-traffic periods. Inventory analysis shows a decline in the share of optimally stocked stations and a rise in understocked stations, indicating a reduction in overall inventory stability. In some districts, both overstocked and understocked cases increased simultaneously, pointing to a growing polarization in inventory distribution. Network analysis suggests that while the overall connectivity weakened slightly, the fundamental structure of the redistribution network remained intact. However, notable variation emerged at the district level in clustering, assortativity, and reciprocity. These results highlight the context-dependent nature of citizen-based interventions and the need for region-specific strategies. The study underscores the importance of hybrid redistribution models that combine citizen efforts with operator support. Moreover, the proposed metrics and network-based analytical framework offer a practical toolkit for future policy evaluation, operational monitoring, and resource allocation in shared mobility systems.