Corporations as Subjects of International Law: The Role of International Commercial Arbitration and Lex Mercatoria in Norm Creation

Corporations are recognized as subjects of international law, possessing substantive rights and obligations in the fields of international human rights, economic law, and trade law. Procedurally, they also hold rights as subjects of international law by participating in international arbitration beyond domestic jurisdictions. Notably, corporations influence the formation of international law through the standardization, arbitration, and codification of lex mercatoria, thereby exhibiting all the attributes of subjects of international law.