생산요소의 경제적 부담이 산업단지 효율성과 신생기업 생존율에 미치는 영향 측정

This study introduces the concept of unit factor cost, defined as the cost level relative to productivity, and quantitatively examines how the economic burden of land and labor affects the relative efficiency of industrial complexes and the survival of tenant firms. Using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, the relative efficiency of national industrial complexes was measured, and the correlations with unit land cost and unit labor cost were analyzed. The results show that both indicators exhibit significant negative correlations with efficiency scores, with a stronger association observed in the case of unit land cost. This is because land is an inflexible fixed factor with substantial interregional price disparities, whereas labor is a more adjustable variable factor with relatively smaller regional wage differences, limiting its impact on efficiency gaps. A survival analysis employing the Cox proportional hazards model was then conducted on 4,753 newly established manufacturing firms within industrial complexes. The results indicate that higher unit land costs increase the risk of firm exit, while higher unit labor costs improve the likelihood of firm survival. Excessive land cost burdens weaken locational competitiveness and undermine sustainability, whereas higher wage levels contribute to stabilizing and expanding labor supply, thereby enhancing productivity and firm survival. These findings suggest the need to shift from a supplier-oriented land pricing system based on development costs to a demand-side approach grounded in productivity, while also highlighting the importance of wage support and proactive investment policies to strengthen firm productivity and long-term sustainability.