인공지능 기반 부동산 플랫폼 거래의 현황과 법적 과제

The real estate transaction paradigm is undergoing a major shift. This is largely due to the rapid spread of PropTech and the commercialization of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In particular, AI-based real estate platforms are automating and intelligentizing the entire transaction process, including property recommendations, price estimation, and contract brokerage. The traditional brokerage structure is also undergoing fundamental restructuring. However, such innovations raise multifaceted issues, including consumer protection, transaction fairness, and legal liability attribution. This article first analyzes the structure and characteristics of AI-based platform transactions and clarifies their differences from traditional brokerage methods. It then identifies key legal issues such as the opacity of AI algorithms, the lack of clarity regarding responsible parties, the expansion of personal information collection and use, algorithmic bias that could lead to discriminatory outcomes, and information asymmetry between consumers and platforms. Next, it examines the applicability and limitations of the current legal system and explores directions for institutional improvement through recent legislative trends, such as the Online Platform Fairness Act, the Comprehensive Revision of the Electronic Commerce Act, and the Artificial Intelligence Basic Act. As a result, the current legal system was designed based on the traditional real estate brokerage structure and has limitations in adequately regulating the autonomy and automation of AI-based platforms. In particular, the influence of platform algorithms on consumer decision-making, the issue of responsibility for errors, and the possibility of unfair transactions due to the market dominance of platform operators remain gaps in the current regulatory system. Accordingly, the following tasks were proposed: clarifying platform responsibility, ensuring algorithm transparency and explainability, balancing personal information protection and data utilization, and strengthening measures to protect platform users' rights. Additionally, it was emphasized that a balanced legislative principle harmonizing “technology-friendly regulation” and “enhanced consumer protection” is necessary to avoid hindering innovation through excessive regulation.