협력적 통제와 강압적 통제: 공공기관의 부패통제방식이 청렴성에 미치는 영향

Corruption is humanity's foremost challenge, threatening the stability of national systems. TI's empirical analysis confirmed that the higher a country's level of corruption, the more severe its functional vulnerability becomes. However, despite the international community's sustained efforts, anti-corruption policy outcomes in most countries appear to show no progress. Domestically as well, the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission's investigation confirmed that public perception regarding the integrity of the public sector and the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies is negative. This demonstrates that the state's public legitimacy is under threat. Eradicating corruption requires ensuring integrity as a prerequisite, and for this, an effective anti-corruption strategy is absolutely essential. This study empirically analyzed the effectiveness of cooperative control and coercive control methods—the implementation approaches for such anti-corruption strategies(value-based and rule-based strategies) focusing on the functions of their representative instruments: ombudsmen and public audit organizations. The analysis revealed that, in cooperative control, the ombudsman's function of ‘institutional improvement based on identified issues’ positively influenced integrity. In coercive control, the ‘disciplinary measures’ implemented by public audit organizations had a positive impact on integrity. Notably, the cooperative control approach was found to be relatively more effective than the coercive control approach in enhancing the integrity of public institutions. This suggests that a paradigm shift toward a value-based strategy, emphasizing the strengthening of cooperative control, is necessary for the effectiveness of corruption control strategies.