정년과 인지능력의 관계 : 연령 및 인지적 활동과의 상호작용에 대한 분석

This study aimed to analyze how differences in mandatory retirement age across countries affect the relationship between age, cognitive activities, and cognitive abilities. For the empirical examination, this study utilized data from the second cycle of the PIAAC conducted by the OECD. This study applied a multilevel model with cognitive abilities such as literacy and numeracy as dependent variables and individual age, cognitive activities, and country-level retirement age as primary explanatory variables. The results revealed that at the individual level, cognitive activities have positive effects on both literacy and numeracy, and retirement age strengthens the positive effects of cognitive activities. While older adults are associated with cognitive decline, retirement age serves as a buffer to mitigate these age effects. At the country level, the relationships among retirement age, literacy, and numeracy are not significant. The findings of this study demonstrate that the process of maintaining cognitive abilities in adults interacts with institutional and social contexts, such as retirement age. This study showed that retirement age can create qualitative differences in the meaning of age and the mechanisms through which cognitive activities operate, thereby positively affecting the maintenance of cognitive abilities in adults.