중소기업 지식재산 창출 영향요인에 관한 통합적 분석 - 허들-음이항(Hurdle-Negative Binomial) 회귀 분석과 머신러닝을 활용한 변수중요도 도출 -

This study investigates the key factors influencing intellectual property (IP) creation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from a multidimensional perspective encompassing technological characteristics, firm capabilities, technology collaboration, and government support. Utilizing 4,000 firm-level samples from the 2024 SME Technology Statistics Survey, hypotheses were tested through Hurdle-Negative Binomial regression analysis. In addition, an exploratory machine learning approach using boosting regression was employed to derive variable importance and prioritization. The results indicate that technological characteristics (technological novelty and industrial technology level), internal R&D capacity (number of PhD researchers and testing equipment), government support (financial and non-financial), and technology collaboration significantly affect IP creation. Specifically, technological characteristics, testing equipment, and financial support were significant only in determining whether IP was created, whereas non-financial support was significant only for the intensity of IP creation. The number of PhD researchers and technology collaboration consistently exhibited positive effects across all stages. The two-step machine learning analysis further confirmed technology collaboration, internal R&D capacity (testing equipment), and financial support as critical determinants influencing both stages of IP creation.