국제정치학적 관점에서 본 일본 경제안전보장추진법의 글로벌 거버넌스 기능에 관한 고찰

This study examines Japan’s Economic Security Promotion Act within a geopolitical environment increasingly described as a new Cold War, as competition between the Western and Sino-Russian blocs deepens. A key constraint is the structural asymmetry between political systems: Western democracies experience slower, more fragmented policy coordination, while China and Russia’s centralized governance enables rapid alignment of state and industry. This limits the degree of external coordination Japan can secure through the Act. The legislation is essentially defensive, prioritizing participation in rule-making and the protection of universal norms to reinforce cohesion with allied states. However, it covers only part of Japan’s economic-security agenda. Its critical-item designations address limited segments of supply chains, expanded R&D does not fully support long-term technological capacity. Effective implementation therefore depends on coordination among domestic ministries, the private sector, and allied partners. Japan pursues these aims through internal policy leadership by the National Security Secretariat and the Economic Security Promotion Office, and through external cooperation via METI, MOFA, IPEF, the U.S.–Japan Economic “2+2,” and multilateral forums such as the G7 and APEC.