일본의 학생 생활지도 규범으로서의 생도지도제요 분석

As the legalization of student guidance progresses among educators, this study examines Japan's regulations concerning student guidance. Japan faces similar challenges in student guidance as Korea and shares a very close legal framework. While Japan lacks a regulation equivalent to Korea's Student Guidance Ordinance, it has the 『Student Guidance Essentials』, a fundamental manual for schools and educators on student guidance. This paper organizes the problematic phenomena in Japanese student guidance, identifies what kinds of guidance issues arise in Japanese schools, and confirms what challenges schools and educational administration face. Furthermore, by analyzing the prehistory of the 2022 revised Essentials, it examines how student guidance has evolved in Japan and how the Essentials were created and subsequently revised. It analyzes the fundamental spirit and main content of the 2022 revised guidelines, examining the background for their revision, how this background connects to the fundamental spirit, and what the guidelines stipulate regarding individual matters. While the previous guidelines advocated ‘firm guidance’ and ‘strong guidance,’ the 2022 revised guidelines were created from the perspective of respecting student human rights and promoting development, aligning with societal changes that respect children. In contrast, Korea's Student Guidance Ordinance was enacted not to respect student rights but to protect teachers' authority. However, the U.S. case of codifying student guidance into law suggests that ordinances aimed at protecting teachers' authority may not meet teachers' expectations.