지방교육자치와 관련한 헌법재판소 판례의 주요 경향 및 특징에 관한 양적 내용분석 연구

Since its initial introduction in the Education Act of 1949, local educational autonomy has served as a foundational component of modern educational administration system, and it began to take substantive form in 1991. From 1991 to the present, various conflicts have emerged regarding the completeness and functioning of the local educational autonomy system, many of which have resulted in petitions filed with the Constitutional Court. This study conducted a full selection of Constitutional Court decisions related to local educational autonomy from 1991 to 2020, and analyzed them using a content analysis framework based on three ten-year periods, five major issue areas, petitioner types, case types, and decision types. The main findings are as follows. First, an analysis of the number of cases by decade shows that case volume increased sharply beginning in the second period compared to the first. Second, among the major issue areas, cases concerning the administrative actions of superintendents of education accounted for the highest proportion, followed by cases related to electoral systems. In the third period, conflicts over educational decentralization—particularly those involving superintendents and the Minister of Education—appeared with greater frequency than in earlier periods. Third, when including co-petitioners, teachers, prospective teachers, students, and parents constituted a relatively high proportion of petitioners, indicating that petitions were filed mainly by informal actors. Fourth, among case types, constitutional complaints seeking the remedy of rights were most prevalent. Fifth, regarding decision types, dismissals accounted for half of all decisions. Based on these results, implications were drawn.