AI와 인간이 공존하는 조직: 액터-네트워크 이론 관점에서 본 HR 역할의 진화

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is shaping a new Human Resource Management (HRM) paradigm in which AI agents are increasingly regarded as organizational colleagues. While AI was previously employed primarily for automating repetitive tasks, recent developments have enabled AI agents to perform work autonomously through sophisticated decision-making and continuous learning, mirroring the capabilities of human employees. Consequently, HR departments must adopt an approach that reconciles traditional HRM practices—such as recruitment, training, compensation, and performance management—with simultaneously integrating AI-specific considerations. This study explores the potential of AI agents as active organizational actors beyond their function as mere tools, drawing on Actor-Network Theory and the concept of Augmented Intelligence. Key HR challenges are discussed, including the selection of AI agents by assessing performance metrics and ethical risks, onboarding processes to facilitate organizational adaptation, continuous learning and development support, designing algorithmic compensation systems, and monitoring both AI-generated outcomes and decision-making processes through structured feedback mechanisms. Furthermore, the study highlights the necessity for HR professionals to foster a culture of effective AI-human collaboration and ensure compliance with relevant regulations. Ultimately, this research posits that managing AI agents alongside human employees will become an indispensable component of future HRM.