유엔의 인공지능 거버넌스 논의 현황과 과제

The United Nations is currently focusing on three major issues concerning AI governance. First is the question of whether international law should be applied to AI technologies. A broad international consensus has emerged that international law must apply to the use of AI technologies in both the civilian and, in particular, the military domain. This principle has developed through discussions on lethal autonomous weapons systems and cybersecurity, and it reflects the understanding that all state conduct involving emerging technologies remains subject to international law. Second, the United Nations emphasizes a human-centric approach in the development and use of AI. Because AI is not merely a technological innovation but a technology that affects individuals’ lives in fundamental ways, it must be governed in a manner that protects human rights and human dignity. This includes not only safeguarding privacy but also ensuring inclusiveness, accessibility, and accountability in order to allow people of diverse backgrounds to benefit from AI systems. Finally, the UN places a strong emphasis on bridging the divide between developed and developing countries. The AI divide is not merely an infrastructural issue; it is seen as a multifaceted challenge that can exacerbate economic inequality, digital literacy gaps, and disparities in education and workforce capabilities. For this reason, the UN calls for active support and cooperation from developed countries to build an inclusive governance framework in which all states can benefit from AI technologies. This article examines these developments and analyzes the key issues from the perspective of international law.