입사 초기 목표지향성이 잡 크래프팅에 미치는 종단적 영향: 직무 자기효능감의 매개효과

Amidst the challenges of a highly competitive job market and the negative impact of high early turnover rates among new employees across organizations, recent organizational socialization research emphasizes the importance of empirically examining how early individual characteristics influence later job outcomes. In particular, few studies have longitudinally investigated how goal orientation of newcomers unfold in the workplace after entry. This study empirically tested the effects of two types of goal orientation, approach and avoidance orientations, on occupational self-efficacy and three types of job crafting (i.e., task, cognitive, and relational crafting). Specifically, this study hypothesized that approach orientation would positively, and avoidance orientation would negatively, predict occupational self-efficacy, which in turn would mediate their effects on the three dimensions of job crafting over time. Data were collected from 186 newcomers employed at a large manufacturing company in South Korea at three time points: immediately after entry (T1), six months later (T2), and a year later (T3). To minimize common method bias, approach and avoidance orientations were measured at T1, occupational self-efficacy at T2, and job crafting at T3. Structural equation modeling revealed that approach orientation positively predicted occupational self-efficacy, whereas avoidance orientation negatively predicted it. Occupational self-efficacy significantly enhanced task crafting and relational crafting, but its effect on cognitive crafting was not significant. Bootstrapping analyses further confirmed that the indirect effects of approach orientation on task and relational crafting via occupational self-efficacy were positive and significant, while the indirect effects of avoidance orientation on task and relational crafting via occupational self-efficacy were negative and significant. However, the indirect effects for cognitive crafting were all nonsignificant. Overall, these findings indicate that newcomers’ approach orientation enhances task and relational job crafting by strengthening occupational self-efficacy, whereas avoidance orientation weakens occupational self-efficacy and thereby inhibits job crafting. Furthermore, this study highlights that goal orientation plays a crucial role in newcomers’ organizational socialization and suggests that it can serve as an important antecedent of job crafting. The findings extend goal orientation theory to the domain of newcomer adjustment and contribute to a deeper understanding of how goal orientation facilitates successful organizational integration. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.