글로벌최저한세 도입 전․후 다국적기업의 세부담 분석

[Purpose]This study aims to analyze the changes in the tax burden of multinational corporations (MNCs) before and after the introduction of the Global Minimum Tax (GMT), and to identify the policy effects and challenges of the system. [Methodology]For the pre－GMT period from 2015 to 2023, the study analyzes the trend of effective tax rates (ETRs) for 8,989 worldwide MNCs using data obtained from the Orbis database. For the post－GMT period of 2024, disclosure data on the actual tax burden of Korean MNCs are manually collected and examined. [Findings]The analysis shows that after the release of the Outcome Statement in 2021, the ETRs of MNCs gradually increased, suggesting the presence of ex－ante tax planning. It is also found that, in 2024, Korean MNCs incurred an additional tax burden of KRW 581.5 billion, most of which was allocated to the Vietnamese tax authority. These findings indicate that the GMT has significant impacts on both the tax strategies of MNCs and the investment attraction strategies of developing countries. [Implications]By covering both the pre－ and post－GMT periods, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the policy effects of the GMT. In particular, the empirical identification of disproportionate tax burdens and fairness issues faced by Korean MNCs offers valuable insights and serves as a basis for future discussions on the implementation and refinement of the GMT regime.