중대재해처벌법 입법 갈등의 동태적 구조 분석 : 담론 네트워크와 프레너미(Frenemy) 연합

This study asks why the Serious Accidents Punishment Act (SAPA) could be enacted and institutionalized in 2021 despite strong opposition from business actors and the conservative party, focusing on discursive competition and coalition reconfiguration in the public arena. We extracted 1,563 valid statements from four major Korean daily newspapers during the Moon Jae-in administration (2018-2022) and constructed a two-mode discourse network linking actors and storylines. Three findings stand out. First, the pro-coalition achieved discursive hegemony by combining the storyline of moral legitimacy(workers' lives and safety) with punitive measures(strengthening criminal accountability). Second, the pro- and anti-coalitions exhibited sharp polarization with limited shared nodes, indicating a structurally segmented conflict field. Third, in the decisive legislative phase, the conservative opposition party strategically aligned with the pro-coalition, forming a temporary "frenemy (collaborative adversarial) coalition"-an alliance driven by strategic convergence rather than belief change-which facilitated passage while simultaneously shaping compromise provisions such as differentiated application and grace periods. By empirically tracing phase-specific coalition reconfiguration through discourse network analysis, this study advances policy-conflict research by specifying how strategic cross-camp alliances restructure conflict fields and condition legislative outcomes.