인공지능과 산업안전보건 ― 유럽의 대응과의 비교를 중심으로 ―

The advancement of artificial intelligence technologies and the increase of use algorithmic management systems have given rise to a new dimension of occupational safety and health concerns — including intensified worker surveillance, work overload, and increased psychosocial risks — that exist alongside the productivity gains these technologies offer. Yet the current domestic legal framework lacks a regulatory system capable of adequately responding to these technology-driven transformations in the labor environment. Against this backdrop, this study undertakes a comparative legal analysis of key EU legislative instruments — including the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, the Platform Work Directive, the Framework Directive on Safety and Health at Work, and the Machinery Regulation — in order to explore directions for future legislative reform in Korea. On the basis of this analysis, the study puts forward four proposals for protecting workers from an occupational safety and health perspective in the age of artificial intelligence. First, there is a need to conduct systematic surveys of the types and modes of AI and other emerging technologies actually being used in domestic workplaces, and to establish corresponding legal definitions. Second, the explicit prohibition of AI applications that threaten workers' fundamental rights and dignity — such as emotion recognition systems based on biometric data — is necessary. Third, given the inherent power imbalance that characterizes employment relationships, legislative measures must guarantee workers' rights to information, consultation, and participation, along with regular occupational safety and health risk and impact assessments. Fourth, psychosocial protection provisions should be established to prevent work-related stress and mental health disorders arising from algorithmic surveillance and related practices. In conclusion, effectively protecting the physical and mental health of workers in an era of rapid AI development requires proactive legislative reform that is grounded in the realities of the domestic labor market.